Introduction
Reviewed By Doctor
Dr. Sapna Kangotra
Dr. Meenu Kaushik
Dr. Megha Rathi
Dr. Nishant Bhardwaj
Dr. Ayush
Liver Cancer
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, originating in the liver’s main cells, hepatocytes. Over the past few decades, its incidence has been rising, making it a growing health concern. While HCC can be life-threatening, early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Many cases develop due to underlying liver conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, highlighting the importance of regular screening for high-risk individuals. This document provides an overview of HCC, including its causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and preventive measures.
Key Points about Liver Cancer:
- HCC is the most common type of primary liver cancer, originating in hepatocytes.
- It is more prevalent in men and typically affects individuals between 60-64 years old.
- Early detection is crucial for better treatment outcomes.
- Symptoms often appear late, making regular screening essential for high-risk individuals.
- Treatment options vary based on cancer stage and patient health.
Causes of Liver Cancer
HCC primarily develops due to chronic liver disease, often progressing to cirrhosis. The main risk factors include:
- Hepatitis B and C infections – Long-term viral infections can cause liver inflammation and damage.
- Excessive alcohol consumption – Chronic alcohol use can lead to liver cirrhosis, increasing the risk.
- Obesity and diabetes – Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can contribute to liver damage and cirrhosis.
- Genetic and ethnic factors – Individuals of Asian, African, or Indigenous Australian heritage have higher susceptibility.
Aflatoxin exposure – A toxin f
Diagnosis of Liver Cancer
HCC diagnosis typically involves multiple tests:
- Liver Ultrasound – A non-invasive imaging test to detect liver abnormalities.
- CT or MRI Scan – Provides a detailed view of liver tumors and their spread.
- Blood Tests – Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels can indicate HCC presence.
- Liver Biopsy – A sample of liver tissue may be taken to confirm malignancy.
- Staging – Determines cancer spread from Stage 0 (very early) to Stage D (advanced with liver failure).
Treatment of Liver Cancer
The treatment approach depends on the cancer stage and overall liver function:
- Surgery – If detected early, tumor removal or liver transplantation may offer a cure.
- Ablative Therapy – Techniques such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or ethanol injection destroy cancer cells.
- Chemoembolization – Chemotherapy drugs are delivered directly into the tumor’s blood supply.
- Radiation Therapy – Used to shrink tumors or relieve symptoms in advanced cases.
- Targeted Drug Therapy & Immunotherapy – Medications help slow tumor growth and boost the immune system response.
- Palliative Care – Focuses on symptom management and quality of life for advanced-stage patients.
FAQs
- Is hat the main cause of HCC?
- Chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis caused by hepatitis, alcohol abuse, obesity, or diabetes.
- How is HCC diagnosed?
- Through imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), blood tests (AFP), and sometimes a biopsy.
- Can HCC be cured?
- Early-stage HCC can be cured with surgery or liver transplantation. Advanced stages require management therapies.
- Who is at risk of developing HCC?
- Those with liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B or C, alcohol-related liver disease, obesity, or a family history of liver cancer.
- How often should I get screened for HCC?
- High-risk individuals should have an ultrasound and blood test every six months.
Conclusion
HCC is a serious yet potentially treatable cancer if detected early. Regular screenings, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate medical interventions significantly improve outcomes. If you are at risk, consult your healthcare provider for screening and preventive strategies.
References
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)
- American Cancer Society
- World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Liver Cancer
- National Cancer Institute
Reviews By Doctor
Dr. Sapna Kangotra
Dr. Meenu Kaushik
Dr. Megha Rathi
Dr. Nishant Bhardwaj